SEM 2: Thorax III

?
what is the cardiac skeleton?
dense fibrous rings surrounding the aortic, pulmonary trunk and av orifices. functions to separate the atria and ventricles, maintain integrity and provide attachment for cusps
1 of 26
what is the structure of the tricuspid valve
anterior (largest), posterior (1-3 structures) and septal (inconsistent) papillary muscles form from raised parts of the trabecular carnae.
2 of 26
what is the structure of the bicuspid and mitral valves
anterior and posterior cusps connected to corresponding papillary muscles
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what is the structure of the semilunar valve
right, left and anterior cusps that fill with blood and empties into the aortic sinus
4 of 26
where do you auscultate for the aortic valve
right 2 ic
5 of 26
where would you auscultate for the pulmonary valve
left 2ic
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where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve
left 4ic
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where would you auscultate for the mitral valve
left 5ic midclavicular
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what are the branches of the descending aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries 2-11, sub costal artery, pericardial artery, oesophageal artery, bronchial artery
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what arises from the subclavian artery
internal thoracic -> superior epigastric and musculophrenic . muscluophrenic -> lower intercostal
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where do the anterior IC veins drain to
internal thoracic -> musculophrenic -> subclavian
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where is the thymus
t4-t5, anterior portion of superior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
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what is the function of the thymus
development of immune system
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what is the lymphatic drainage of the thorax
anterior wall -> parasternal nodes and diaphragmatic nodes. posterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes -> bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
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what is the thoracic duct
a major lymph vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in abdomen) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the left brachiocephalic vein
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where does the thoracic duct drain
lower limbs, abdomen, left thorax, left upper limb and left side of the head and neck
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what does the right lymphatic duct drain
right thorax, right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
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what is the pathway of the left reoccurant laryngeal n.
branch of left vagus, hooks around ligamentum arteriosum, goes up between oesophagus and trachea, supplies vocal chord muscles
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what are the thoracic splanchnic nerves
the lower 8 ganglia of the sympathetic chain around the aorta that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the abdominal cavity
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what is the greater splanchnic nerve
t5-9, synapse in coeliac ganglion, innervates foregut
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what is the lesser splanchnic nerve
t10-t12, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
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what is the least splanchnic nerve
t10-t12, synapse in aorticorenal ganglion, innervates kidneys
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what is the lumbar splanchnic nerve
l1-l2, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates hind gut
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what are the relations of the phrenic nerves
in superior mediastinum, lateral to vagus n., posterior to brachiocephalic veins, anterior to lung hilum, runs over pericardium
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what are the relations of the right vagus nerve
posterior to lung root, joins pulmonary plexus and oesophageal plexus
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what are the relations of the left vagus nerve
between common carotid artery and subclavian artery, over aortic arch, joins pulmonary plexus and oesophageal plexus
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the structure of the tricuspid valve

Back

anterior (largest), posterior (1-3 structures) and septal (inconsistent) papillary muscles form from raised parts of the trabecular carnae.

Card 3

Front

what is the structure of the bicuspid and mitral valves

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the structure of the semilunar valve

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

where do you auscultate for the aortic valve

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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