How does CLARKE describe situational crime prevention?
simply a method which reduces the opportunity for crime
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What are the 3 features of measures aimed at crime prevention that CLARKE identifies?
1)They are directed at specific crimes 2)They involve altering the immediate environment of the crime 3)They aim at increasing the effort and risks involved in crime and reducing the rewards
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Give an example of 'Target hardening measures'
Locking doors and windows increases the effort a burglar needs to make
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What is the rational choice theory of crime?
The view that criminals act rationally, weighing up the costs and benefits of a crime opportunity before deciding whether to commit it
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Give an example of a Situational Crime Prevention strategy that was used
a bus terminal in NY was poorly designed and provided opportunities for deviant conduct e.g. the toilets were a setting for luggage thefts and rough sleeping. Re-shaping the environment reduced crime rates
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Identify a criticism of Situational Crime Prevention measures
They do not reduce crime; they simply displace it
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Give 3 forms that displacement can take
1)Target -choosing a different victim 2)Spatial - moving elsewhere to commit the crime 3)Tactical - using a different method
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Give an example of Situational measures being successful
This can be found when studying suicide. In the 60s half of all suicides were a result of gassing, over the years the gas we use has become less toxic thus the suicide rate fell to almost 0. striking the the overall suicide rate had fallen
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Evaluation - What does situational crime prevention ignore?
White-collar, corporate and state crime, which are more costly and harmful. It also ignores the root causes of crime such as poor socialisation/poverty
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the 3 features of measures aimed at crime prevention that CLARKE identifies?
Back
1)They are directed at specific crimes 2)They involve altering the immediate environment of the crime 3)They aim at increasing the effort and risks involved in crime and reducing the rewards
Card 3
Front
Give an example of 'Target hardening measures'
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the rational choice theory of crime?
Back
Card 5
Front
Give an example of a Situational Crime Prevention strategy that was used
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