Sociology Key words - Education

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  • Created by: Mia_Scott
  • Created on: 21-07-20 15:38
Academies
Schools that are independent of local authority control they were set up by the labour government and expanded under the coalition government.
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Achieved Status
A position in society which affects the way that others view you that is earned through hard work.
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Alienation
A sense of being distanced from something so that it feels alien. E.g. feeling a lack of connection in work.
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Anti-school Subculture
A group that share norms and values that are different to that of the school. They do not conform to the schoo expectations.
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Ascribed Status
A position in society which affects the way that other view you that is given at birth
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Bands/sets
The placing of pupils into broad groups according to their general academic ability.
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Bourgeoisie
The ruling class in capitalism who owns property such as capital, businesses and shares.
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Breadwinner
The person in the household who does the most paid work.
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Capital
Assets, which can be used to produce more resources.
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Capitalism
A society in which people are employed for wages and businesses are set up with the aim of making profit.
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Catchment
the geographical area from which pupils are eligable to attend the school are drawn
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Choice
The idea that parents should be able to choose the institution their child goes to.
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Class
Groups within society distinguished by their economic position and who are therefore unequal. E.g. middle class are better in paid non manual jobs and the working class are in less well paid physical jobs.
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Class subculture
The distinctive lifestyle associated with a particular class.
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Compensatory education
Additional education provided to try to address underperformance by particular groups in the education system.
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Competition
When individuals or businesses try to do better than onne another e.g. by selling the most goods or attracting the most customers.
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Comprehensive school
A type of school attended by all children regardless of ability or aptitude.
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Conflict theory
Theory if society which sees one or more groups in competition for scarce or valued goods e.g. Marxism or Feminism
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Correspondence principle
The structure and organisation of schools mirror the world of work in a capitalist society
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Counterculture
The beliefs and lifestyle of a group who are opposed to the dominant culture
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Counter-school culture
the beliefs of a group who are opposed to the values to those in authority at a school.
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Cream-skimming
Schools selecting the most able pupils to attend their institution.
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Crisis of Masculine identity
The idea that roles for men in society are disappearing with a decline in manual jobs and this leads to a loss of vision for future male job roles.
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Cultural Capital
Values that middle class parents pass onto their children that helps them to achieve in education. E.g. knowledge of history and the arts.
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Cultural Deprivation
The lack of attitudes, values and linguistic skills that are needed to succeed in education
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Cultural factors
Factors concerned with lifestyle, attitudes and values that may affect achievement in education
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Culture
The norms, values, attitudes and lifestyle of a social group.
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Curriculum
The formal content of what is taught in schools.
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Deferred Gratification
putting off pleasure now in order to achieve greater pleasure in the future E.g. saving for a deposit in a house.
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Deterministic
A theory, which sees behaviour as entirely determined by external circumstances leaving the individual with little or no choice about how they behave.
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Deviants
People who do not abide by the norms of society
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Differential educational achievement
Systematic differences in the performances of social groups in the education system. E.g. between classes.
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Disconnected choosers
Parents who lack the skills and resources to exercise the choices effectively in the education system
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Division of Labour
The way in which jobs are divided up between two or more people. E.g. who does which task in the home.
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Dominant Culture
The culture that is the most powerful and has the highest status in a society
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Economic base
In Marxist theory, the foundation of society consisting of the economic system.
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Economic capital
Material assets such as housing and income which can be helpful in achieving educational success.
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Educational action zones
Areas of deprived inner cities where additional compensatory education schemes were started in the 1970s.
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Educational triage
The rationing of education so that only those who are likely to attain targets through receiving extra help are provided with additional assistance.
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Egoism
According to Durkheim, a situation where people are not well integrated into social groups and therefore are mainly concerned with themselves rather than others.
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Elaborated codes
A type of speech where the meanings are filled in and made explicit, sentences tend to be longer and more complex than restricted codes.
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Equal opportunity
When every individual has an equal chance of success based upon their own ability and effort. Inequality is often the outcome as some people work harder than others but are less successful than others.
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Ethnocentric curriculum
When the compulsory areas studied within education favour one ethic group and disregards others.
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External rewards
Things that are given to someone in recognition of their efforts. E.g wages or exam results
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False class conscious
This is the Marxist belief that the working class submit to Capitalism as they have been convinced it is a fair and just system.
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Fatalism
A belief that your chances in life are shaped by fate or luck rather than feeling you can determine your future by your own efforts
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Femininity
The social roles and behaviour expected of women in a particular culture.
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Feminism
Theory of society, which claims that women are disadvantaged and exploited by men. Whilst men are dominant and run society in their own interests.
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Formal curriculum
The official content of educational institutions.
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Free market
A system in which businesses can compete with one another without state interference.
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Free schools
Schools set up by charities, teachers and businesses or parents but funded by the state. They were introduced by the coalition government after 2010.
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Functionalism
A sociological perspective which believes that social institutions serve some positive purpose.
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Functionally important jobs
Occupations which are believed to play an important part in the effective running of society.
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Future time orientation
Think ahead rather than living in the moment
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Functions
Jobs performed by an instituition for society
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Gender gap
The difference in the achievement of males and females in the education system.
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Gender roles
The socially excepted behaviour of men and women in a particular society
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Gender socialisation
The way in which males and females are taught to behave differently in a particular society
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Grammar schools
Secondary schools in which admission is granted on the basis of ability- originally measured through the IQ test, the 11+
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Grant maintained schools
Schools funded directly by the government, independent of the LEA
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Hegemony/ Hegemonic
Political or cultural dominance
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Hegemonic masculinity
The dominance of masculinity in the education system and the subordination of femininity and homosexuality.
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Hidden curriculum
The informal messages and lessons that are taught in schools outside of formal lessons
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Hierarchy
Where individuals are ranked above and below one another, and orders and instructions flow from the top of the heirarchy towards the bottom.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A position in society which affects the way that others view you that is earned through hard work.

Back

Achieved Status

Card 3

Front

A sense of being distanced from something so that it feels alien. E.g. feeling a lack of connection in work.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A group that share norms and values that are different to that of the school. They do not conform to the schoo expectations.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A position in society which affects the way that other view you that is given at birth

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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