Sociology Mock Exam Quiz
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- Sociology
- EducationFamilies and householdsSociological research methodsSociological theory
- A2/A-level
- AQA
- Created by: elisha7
- Created on: 19-06-17 15:55
What is material deprivation?
The inability to afford basic necessities and resources such as sufficient food and heating. By being materially deprived, you are essentially living in poverty.
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Who is currently performing better in education?
Girls
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What does Marilyn Howard (2001) point out about diet and health?
Young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals; poor nutrition will affect health.
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What is the link between poverty and social class?
Working class families are more likely to have low incomes or inadequate housing- which can affect the achievement of children in several ways.
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How can overcrowding affect pupils achievement directly?
Can make it harder for them to study, as overcrowding means less room for educational activities, nowhere to do homework, disturbed sleep from sharing beds etc.
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How can poor housing indirectly effect achievement?
Children in crowded homes run a greater risk of accidents. Cold or damp housing can also cause ill health- this can result in more school absences.
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What did Blanchen and Machin find about children in low income families and their educational achievement?
Children from low income families were more likely to engage in 'externalising' behaviour i.e fighting- which is likely to disrupt their schooling.
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What does lack of financial support mean for the working class?
They have to miss out on experiences that would enhance their educational achievement and go without equipment
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Who referred to this as 'the costs of free schooling'?
David Bull
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What did Emily Tanner et al find in a study of the Oxford area in 2003?
That the cost of items such as transport, uniforms, books, computers, sports etc places a heavy burden on poor families.
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What does the heavy burden of financial costs mean for poor children?
They may have to make do with hand-me-downs and cheaper but unfashionable equipment; which may result in isolation, stigmatisation of bullying.
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What did Ridge find about children in poverty and jobs?
Children in poverty take on jobs such as babysitting, cleaning and paper rounds- which often has a negative impact on their schoolwork as it is hard to manage the commitments of both.
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How might attitudes towards debt effect working class students?
May deter them from going to university.
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What did Callender and Jackson find in their 2005 study of prospective students?
Working class students are more debt averse- seeing debt as something to be avoided. In addition, they also saw more costs than benefits of going to uni. They also found that working class students were over 5 times less likely to apply than m/c.
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What did Diane Reay (2005) find about working class students?
They were more likely to apply to local universities so they could live at home and save on travel costs- which gave them less opportunity to go to highest status unit e.g. Oxford.
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What is the feminist perspective on the family?
Critical- they argue it oppresses women.
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How do feminists regard gender inequality?
It is not natural or inevitable, but is something created by society.
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What do feminists focus on within the family?
-Unequal division of domestic labour -domestic violence against women.
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What are the 4 types of feminism?
Radical, marxist, liberal, difference
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What do liberal feminists believe about the family?
That women oppression can be gradually overcome through changes in the law and attitudes e.g. sex discrimination act (1975). They believe we are moving towards greater equality- dependent on further reforms&changes in socialisation&attitudes of sexes
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How do liberal feminists negatively view the family?
They do not believe fully that gender equality had yet been achieved in the family: has been gradual progress instead.
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How do radical feminists view the family?
They argue there is a key societal division between women&men. Men=enemy. All societies have been founded on patriarchy-rule by men.
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What do radical feminists think about men?
They benefit from women unpaid domestic labour and sexual services. Men- dominate women through domestic&sexual violence or the threat of it.
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What does sociologist Greer (2000) argue for?
The creation of an all female or 'matrilocal' household as an alternative to heterosexual family.
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How have radical feminists been criticised?
Somerville- a liberal feminist (2000) argues radical feminists fail to recognise the improved position of women e.g. better divorce access, better job opportunities.
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How do marxist feminists view the family?
-Main cause of women's oppression in the family in capitalism. Women= reserve army of cheap labour, are let go when no longer needed- so they return to their primary role as unpaid domestic labour.
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What does marxist feminist Fran Ansley (1972) say?
wives are takers of ****- soak up frustration their husbands feel because of the alienation and exploitation they suffer at work.
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What do difference feminists think about the family?
Argue that we can't make generalisations about women experiences. All women e.g lesbian, black&white women, w/c&m/c will have very different experiences of the family from one another.
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How have difference feminists been criticised?
-They neglect the fact that all women share many of the same experiences of the family. E.G. they all face a risk of domestic violence&sexual abuse, low pay etc.
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What are external factors?
-outside education system e.g. home&family background&wider society.
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What are internal factors?
-within school and the education system e.g the effect of schools' equal opportunities policies
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How have changes in the family affected gender&achievement?
-New role model for girls- financially independent woman. Major changes in family since 1970 e.g. increase in divorce rate- more women in breadwinner role, role model for boys, increase in cohabitation
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How have changes in womens' employment effected gender&the family?
-1970 equal pay act-now illegal to pay women less than men for work of equal value. Women- breaking through 'glass ceiling' which has encourage girls to see their future in terms of paid work rather than as housewives.
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What does ethnocentric mean?
attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group while disregarding others.
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What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
-Curriculum that reflects the culture of one ethnic group (usually the dominant culture.
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What does Coard (1971;2005) say about the ethnocentric curriculum?
-It may produce underachievement
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Who is currently performing better in education?
Back
Girls
Card 3
Front
What does Marilyn Howard (2001) point out about diet and health?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the link between poverty and social class?
Back
Card 5
Front
How can overcrowding affect pupils achievement directly?
Back
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