Sport Topics I need to learn

Slow twitch fibres - red in colour due to high levels of mitochondria/mygoblobin. are very resistant to fatigue, produce low level twitches, used in long distance running

fast twitch fibres - alos red in colour, split ATP at a fast rate, produce fast and strong twicthes, prone to fatigue, used in 400-800m running

1 of 19

Pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Pulmonary Artery -carries de-oxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

2 of 19

Vena Cava - carried de-oxygenated blood from lower body to heart

Aorta - receives blood from left ventricle

3 of 19

Biscuspid valve - only allows blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle

Tricuspid valve - prevents backflow from right ventricle into right atrium

4 of 19

structure of arteries (on back)

inner layer; epithelium surrounded by connecive tissue with elastic fibres. middle layer: smooth muscle and is the thickest layer

5 of 19

Structure of veins (on back)

outer layer: connective tissue called tunica adventitia, middle layer: smooth muscle called tunica media, inner layer: lined qwith endothelial cells called tunica intima

6 of 19

Arteries that carry blood away from heart = aorta (heart to body) and pulmonary artery (heart to veins)

veins that carry blood back to heart = pulmonary vein (lungs to heart) and Vena Cava (bogy to heart)

7 of 19

role of arterioles = widen to increase diameter and therefore blood flow

role of pre-capillary sphincters = ring like muscles situated between arterioles/capillaries acting like doors that increase or decrease blood flow

8 of 19

gas exchange at the alveoli (on back)

diffusion = high to low concentraction - - oxygen diffuses from the air into alveoli then into the blood, then CO2 diffused from the blood into the air

9 of 19

Tidal Volume = lung volume representing normal volume of air displaced between inhalation & exhalation when exercising and not exercising.

Normal tidal volume for adults = 500mL per inspiration

10 of 19

Respiratory Muscles (on back)

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, diaphragm, rectus abdominus, pectoralis minor, internal intercostals

11 of 19

sternocleidomastoid = flexes the neck, helps with moving the head

scalene = elevate the ribs, therfore the thorax, to allow inspitation

12 of 19

internal intercostals = when inhaling; muscles relax, when exhalaing; muscles contract, pulling ribcage down and inwards

diaphragm = during inhalation, it contracts and moves the centre down to compress abdominal cavity, expandning thoracic cavity, brining air into the lungs

13 of 19

bronchi = passage ways for air to reach the lungs, they get smaller the closer they get to the lungs, then they are called bronchioles

bronchioles = passageways which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli

14 of 19

minute ventilation = amount of air in litres a person breathes out per minute

RESPIRATORY X TIDAL VOLUME = MINUTE VENTILATION

15 of 19

ATP-PC system = consists of adenosine triphosphate, provides immediate energy through the breakdown of stored energy phosphates.

Advantage of ATP-PC system - causes no fatigue and provides energy immediately, a Disadvantage would be that it only lasts 10 seconds

16 of 19

Lactic Acid System = energy to resynthesise ATP without using oxygen

Advantage of LA system = doesnt require oxygen, a disadvantage is that is causes major fatigue

17 of 19

Aerobic System = produces more ATP then any other system, but produces it alot slower

Advantage = causes no fatigue and uses fat as energy sources. a Disadvantage is that it is only suitable for low intensity activity

18 of 19

recovery process for ATP-PC system =

Recovery process for lactic acid system: takes between 30-60 mins, Without oxygen it is converted to lactate and removed from the muscle + taken to the liver to be converted into glucose

19 of 19

Get Revising

Sport Topics I need to learn

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Sports Science resources: