STRATEGIC CHANGE

what is Lewis’s force field analysis ?

supports managers in comparing pressures for change against the retraining forces of this change
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what does lewin’s force field analysis state?

that if pressures for change are greater then the resistance to change then it’s likely to be successful

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what’s factors can cause a business to want to change ?

- poor financial performance (pressure to change)
- poor customer satisfaction
- lack of resources eg finance, labour
- employee concerns eg job security

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what methods can a business use to overcome employees’ resistance to change ?

- educating n communicating w staff of the reasons change is required
- facilitation - so employees have the tools needed to adapt to change
- participation - sense of ownership so feel like they have a big role in the change
- coercion - either co ope

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disruptive change ?

involves radical change, often rethinking or redesigning a business or project - likely to be transformational

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incremental change ?

involves introducing many small, gradual. hangers in a business or project

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what are Kotter and Schlesinger's four reasons for resistance to change?

1 - parochial self interest - feel like they will lose something so focus on own interest > company's
2 - misunderstanding -lack of trust
3 - different assessments
4 - low tolerance of change

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what are the 6 ways Kottler and Schlesinger said firms can overcome change?

1) education n communication
2) facilitation n support eg training
3) participation n involvement
4) manipulation n co-option - selective use of info
5) negotiation n bargaining - eg higher pay rates for higher productivity
6) explicit n implicit coer

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in critical path analysis (network analysis) what does float time mean? how do you work it out?

time the project can overrun without it affecting the whole project
its the difference between the previous activity's LFT and the EST of the next activity with the duration deducted

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advantages of critical path analysis (3)

- allows business' to calculate float time - allows managers to move resources if need to.
- calculate the critical path - allows managers to prioritise as these activities have no float time
- can identify whether diff tasks can be done at the same time

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2 disadvantages of critical path analysis

- uses forecasted activities and these forecasts may be inaccurate
- does not guarantee successful strategy implementation as still need adequate resources n managerial experience to implement strategy successfully

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what are emergent strategies ?

strategies that develop overtime and weren't planned purposefully

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what is meant by the term strategic drift?

when a business fails to respond to changes in the external environment, including customer demands

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what is the process of monitoring the decisions made by managers to ensure shareholder interests are considered called?

corporate governance

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advantage and disadvantage of contigency planning

adv - prepare business for potentially serious events - feel secure
dis - resources for plan may never be used but will have been produced

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STRATEGIC CHANGE

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