The cardiovascular system
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- Created on: 11-06-17 16:33
the cardiovascular system is also known as the...
circulatory system
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the heart is the size of...
a closed fist
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what is the heart surrounded by?
a twin-layered sac known as the pericardium
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the pericardium contains...
pericardial fluid
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what is the function of pericardial fluid?
to reduce friction when the heart beats
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what are the three layers of the heart?
endocardium, mmyocardium, and epicardium
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what separates the sides of the heart
the septum
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what are coronary arteries?
the blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. there are two coronary arteries, left and right
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what are the atria?
the top left and right sides of the heart. the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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what are the ventricles?
they are the pumping chambers of the heart. they have thick walls. the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for pulmonary circulation and the left ventricle pumps blood to the body for systemic circulation.
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where is the bicuspid valve?
between the left atrium and left ventricle
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where is the tricuspid valve?
between the right atrium and right ventricle
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where is the aortic semilunar valve?
between the left ventricle and aorta
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where is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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what are chordae tendineae?
chord-like tendons that prevent the valves turning inside out
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what is pulmonary circulation?
the circulation between the heart and the lungs
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what is systemic circulation?
the circulation between the heart and the body (except the lungs)
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what is the aorta?
the body's main artery, it originates in the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body
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what is the superior vena cava?
a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body to empty into the right atrium of the heart
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what is the inferior vena cava?
a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the lower body to empty into the right atrium
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what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
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what is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood
pulmonary vein
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arteries have thick walls so....
carry blood under high speeds and pressures
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arteries have two major properties....
elasticity and contractillity, which helps maintain blood pressure
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arterioles can....
controll blood distribution by changing in diameter, this adjusts the blood flow in response to differing demands for oxygen
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what is venous return?
the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart in the veins
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veins have....
pocket valves to prevent the backflow of blood
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in the veins blood travels...
under low pressure and at slow speeds
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what are venules?
small vessels that connect capillaries to veins
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what do capillaries connect?
they connect arteries and veins by uniting arterioles and venules
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how big are capillaries?
they are the smallest blood vessels, only one cell thick
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how can capillaries increase?
by frequent exercise
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what are the three layers of blood vessels?
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
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the tunica intima...
lines the lumen and creates a slick surface to minimise friction as blood flows along it
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the tunica media...
is made from smooth muscle and elastic tissue. vasodialation and vasoconstriction can occur
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the tunica externa...
is made from collagen to protect and reinforce the vessel
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red blood cells....
carry oxygen to all living tissue. they contain haemaglobin
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what does oxygen bind to?
oxygen binds to haemaglobin to form oxyhaemaglobin
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what is plasma?
the straw coloured liquid in which all blood cells are suspended. it also carries carbon dioxide as carbonic acid
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white blood cells...
protect the body from infections by destroying and ingesting pathogens such as bacteria or viruses
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what is the function of platelets?
they are produced in the bone marrow and have the primary function of clotting to prevent blood loss
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the lymphatic system....
is the drainage system and also forms part of the immune system. it contains white blood cells and helps the body get rid of excess fluid
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what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
supply of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste products, thermoregulation, fighting infection, and blood clotting
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what is the cardiac cycle?
the process of the heart filling with blood followed by a contraction
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what makes the cardiac cycle possible?
the electrical system of the heart
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what is systolic blood pressure?
the pressure when the heart contracts to force blood out of the heart
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what is diastolic blood pressure?
the pressure when the heart is relaxed
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what happens to blood pressure when exercising?
systolic blood pressure increases, diastolic blood pressure decreases or stays the same
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what is the sino atrial node?
it is located in the walls of the right atrium, the san sends an impulse through the walls of the atria so they contract
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what is the atrioventricular node?
located in the center of the heart, it acts as a buffer to slow the signal of the san so that the atria can fully empty before the ventricles contract
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what are the bundle of his and purkyne fibres?
they transport the signal to the apex of the heart and to both sides so that they contract simultaneously from the bottom up and at regular intervals
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the heart is the size of...
Back
a closed fist
Card 3
Front
what is the heart surrounded by?
Back
Card 4
Front
the pericardium contains...
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the function of pericardial fluid?
Back
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