At what point did the German government find out the initial treaty terms?
May 7th 1919
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On what date was the Versailles Treaty signed by all powers?
28th June 1919
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What German word meaning "dictated peace", was used to describe the lack of German influence over the terms of the treaty?
Diktat
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Which German occupied territory did Germany have to return to other European nations?
Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)
Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)
Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)
The Polish Corridor (given to Poland)
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Disarmament of Germany
Germany had to surrender all heavy weapons in the Rhineland and Heligoland. Germany couldn't have an airforce, army limited to 100,000, maximum of 6 battleships, navy reduce to 15,000 men and tanks and gas were forbidden
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What is The War Guilt Clause?
Article 231 of the treaty, meant that Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war
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How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?
£6.6 billion
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The Rhineland
The Rhineland was demilitarised and had Allied occupation at all times to ensure that this remained
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The Saarland
An area of Germany that housed coal mines was put under League of Nations control for 15 years, so that Germany could supply coal to fulfill reparations payments
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The League of Nations and the aftermath of the war
-Austria was forbidden from uniting with Germany (Anschluss)
-Germany could not join the League of Nations
-The Kaiser and other Germans were put on trial for their crimes
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What was the initial shock by Germans caused by?
The fact that they had not be enlightened to the real struggles that Germany was facing on the Front Lines. Propaganda showed Germany to be winning the war
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Which specific provisions of the treaty did Germans disagree with?
-The right of national self-determination
-"The War Guilt Clause"
-Reparations
-Disarmament of Germany
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How long did Germany have to agree to the terms of the treaty?
7 days
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Upon signing the treaty, Scheidmann resigned, but who was he replaced with?
Gustav Bauer (an SPD deputy)
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What was Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg planning?
To disagree with the treaty through military means
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What was the fear that the Bauer cabinet felt after signing the treaty?
That signing the treaty would rebound on them, so Bauer asked the DNV, DVP and DDP to state that those who signed the treaty were not being unpatriotic
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How did they combat this with the German people?
They promised to make modifications to the treaty, which became known as "The Policy of Fulfillment"
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What did extreme nationalists think about the politicians that governed Germany?
They they lacked legitimacy for betraying the "Fatherland"
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What nickname was given to these politicians?
"November Criminals"
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How did Ludendorff avoid signing the treaty?
By telling the Kaiser to appoint a new civilian-led government in the hope that better peace terms would be secured and that the high command would avoid responsibility for the defeat and the signing of the armistace
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Why did the treaty anger ex-soldiers?
They thought that they had been fighting for a noble cause, but had then experienced insults and humiliation when they returned to Germany
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How did Britain react to the Treaty?
Lloyd George was welcomed with applause and the public believed that Germany being weak was a good thing to maintain peace. They also believed that France was being greedy and many also felt Germany had been treated unfairly
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How did France react to the Treaty?
France felt like they had been treated the worst and wanted revenge. Citizens were thrilled about the return of their "stolen" land, but many also felt that it was too lenient and as a result Clemenceau lost the next election
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How did the USA react to the treaty?
Widespread disagreement about the Treaty and many felt that Britain and France were trying to compensate from Germany's downfall. Congress opposed the Treaty, Germany and the USA made peace in 1921 and the USA refused to join the League of Nations
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
At what point did the German government find out the initial treaty terms?
Back
May 7th 1919
Card 3
Front
On what date was the Versailles Treaty signed by all powers?
Back
Card 4
Front
What German word meaning "dictated peace", was used to describe the lack of German influence over the terms of the treaty?
Back
Card 5
Front
Which German occupied territory did Germany have to return to other European nations?
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