The market - 1.3

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What is demand?
the level of interest customers have in a product, how much they want
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How does price effect demand?
Higher price = less demand
Lower price = more demand
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What is a substitute and its relationship to price?
similar, rival product that consumers may choose instead.
price of substitute falls = price of original increases
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What is a complementary product and its relationship to price?
product that accompanies another.
price of complementary product rises = demand for original product decrease
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What happens if income levels rise?
Demand for normal goods increases.
Demand for luxury goods increases even faster.
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Demand for what products rise as income falls?
inferior goods
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What things effect demand?
- fashions, tastes and preferences
- incomes
- price
- advertising + branding
- demographics
- external shocks
- seasonality
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What is supply?
the amount that a business is willing and able to supply
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What factors effect supply?
- changes in costs of production
- new technology
- indirect taxes
- government subsidies
- external shocks
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How will introduction of new technology affect supply?
increase in supply due to lower production costs
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What are commodity markets?
markets for undifferentiated products, usually raw materials like gold or crude oil.
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How is price determined in commodity markets?
interaction of supply and demand
- if demand is higher than supply = price rises = demand falls back to level
- if supply is higher than demand = price falls = stimulating demand
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What is equilibrium?
situation in a market where supply and demand are balanced
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What happens if the demand curve moves to the right?
price will move up
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What happens if the supply curve moves to the left?
price moves up
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How do you calculate PED?
% change in demand / % change in price
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What does it mean if price elasticity is between 0 and -1?
- product is inelastic
- price changes have smaller effect on demand
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What does it mean if price elasticity is a negative number greater than 1?
- price elastic
- price changes have larger effect on demand
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What are the factors influencing price elasticity?
- degree of product differentiation
- availability of direct substitutes
- branding + loyalty
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Why is price elasticity useful?
- forecasting sales, impact of future price changes
- help decide best pricing strategy to increase revenue
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How do you calculate income elasticity of demand?
% change in demand / % change in real incomes
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What are the 3 categories products can be put in according to their income elasticity?
- inferior goods - negative
- normal goods - positive income between 0 and 1
- luxury goods - positive income greater than 1
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What is the difference between a necessity and an indulgence?
Indulgences are things we can live without but treat ourselves to
Necessities are more basic items
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Why is income elasticity useful?
- sales forecasting
- financial planning
- product portfolio management
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How would an increase in real incomes affect the 3 types of goods?
inferior - decrease demand
Normal - increase demand at rate of real income or slower
luxury - increase demand at faster rate than real income
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does price effect demand?

Back

Higher price = less demand
Lower price = more demand

Card 3

Front

What is a substitute and its relationship to price?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a complementary product and its relationship to price?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens if income levels rise?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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