The Psychodynamic Approach - Trigger/Key words + Notes

Look at the trigger/key word on the front of the card and try to think of some knowledge or evaluation from the textbook that matches up.

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Underneath
The unconscious mind is the part of the 'iceburg' underneath the 'water' (the largest part that we are not aware of).
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Storehouse
It is a 'storehouse' of biological drives and instincts that influence our behaviour and personality.
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Repressed
It also contains any disturbing memories that have been locked away or repressed.
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Reality principle
Ego - the 'reality check' that balances the conflicting demands of the Id and Superego.
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Pleasure principle
Id - entirely unconscious, the id is made up of selfish and aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification.
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Morality principle
Superego - the moralistic part of our personality which represents the ideal self: how we ought to be.
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Incestuous, Repressed, Roles and Values
Incestous feelings for mother in the phallic stage. Feelings repressed in fear of father. Identify with father and take on his roles and values.
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Penis envy & Maternal
Girls have penis envy. Desire father and hate mother. They give up this desire with the desire for a baby (identify with mother).
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Displacement
Hans - 5 year old with a fear of horses. Freud suggested that this stemmed from the fear of his father being transferred onto horses.
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Not representative
Freud's theory was based on the intensive study of individuals. Because of this, his findings are not representative as they are only based on a small number of people.
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Subjective
His findings were also subjective and any other researcher would've most likely drawn different conclusions.
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Mouth
Oral (Age 0-1) - Pleasure is focused on the mouth (breast is the object of desire). Unresolved conflict can lead to biting nails, smoking or being sarcastic and critical.
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Anus, Perfectionist, Thoughtless
Anal (1-3) - Focus of pleasure is the anus. Anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive. Anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy.
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Genitals & Phallic personality
Phallic (3-5) - Focus of pleasure is the genital area. Unresolved conflict can lead to phallic personality (narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual).
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Repressed
Latency - earlier conflicts are repressed.
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Conscious, Heterosexual relationships
Genital - sexual desired become conscious with the onset of puberty. Unresolved conflict can led the difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.
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Balance
Defence mechanisms are used to keep the ego, id and superego in balance during trauma.
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Push
Repression - forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.
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Back
Regression - going back to a place in the mind before trauma happened.
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Acknowledge
Denial - refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality.
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Karl Popper & Falsification
Karl Popper argued that the Psychodynamic approach doesn't meet the scientific criteria of falsification (proving the truth of a research hypothesis by demonstrating that it cannot be false).
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Untestable & Unconscious
Many of Freud's concepts (such as the id and Oedipus complex) are said to occur at an unconscious level which makes them difficult, if not impossible, to test.
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Pseudoscience
This, according to Popper, gives the psychodynamic approach the status of pseudo-science ('fake' science).
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Large effect
Freud's theory (although seen as bizarre and controversial) has had a huge effect of Psychology as well as western contemporary thought.
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Dominant & Phenomena
Behaviourism and psychodynamic remained dominant for the first half of the 20th century. They have been used to explain a wide range of phenomena like personality development.
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Connection
The approach is also significant in drawing attention between experiences in childhood and later development.
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Psychoanalysis & Access
Freud brought a new form of therapy: psychoanalysis. It employs techniques designed to access the unconscious mind like hypnosis and dream analysis.
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Mild neurosis
Successful with mild neurosis. Not appropriate for more serious mental disorders.
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Symbolic
Freud believed that, in relation to behaviour, nothing is an accident. All behaviour is driven by unconscious forces that have a symbolic meaning.
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Conflicts & Childhood
The psychodynamic approach explains all behaviours - even accidents - as determined by unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood.
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Free Will & Illusion
This means that any free will we think we have is an illusion.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It is a 'storehouse' of biological drives and instincts that influence our behaviour and personality.

Back

Storehouse

Card 3

Front

It also contains any disturbing memories that have been locked away or repressed.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Ego - the 'reality check' that balances the conflicting demands of the Id and Superego.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Id - entirely unconscious, the id is made up of selfish and aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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