The respiratory system

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  • Created by: mduffield
  • Created on: 11-04-17 18:50
What is the passage of air to the lungs
Nasal Cavity; Pharynx; Larynx; Trachea; Epiglottis; Lungs; Bronchi; Bronchioles; Alveoli
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Describe the mechanics of breathing for inspiration
The external intercostal muscles contract; the ribs move up and out; the diaphragm contracts and flattens; the air pressure in the lungs goes down; gasses move from high pressure to low pressure; air moves into the lungs.
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Describe the mechanics of breathing for expiration
The intercostal muscles relax. The ribs move down. The diaphragm relaxes and moves back to its dome shape. Pressure in the lungs increases. Gasses move from high pressure to low pressure. Air moves out of the lungs
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Describe how Neural control increases breathing during exercise
Chemoreceptors pick up increases in CO2. They send messages to medulla oblongata in brain. This controls the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group of neurones. Intercostal muscles contract harder to increase breathing
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Explain gas exchange at the lungs
Partail pressure of O2 is high in the lungs. Partail pressure of O2 is low in blood. O2 diffuses into blood. PP of CO2 is high in blood. PP of CO2 is low in lungs. CO2 moves into lungs
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Explain gas exchange at the muscle cell site
Partail pressure of oxygen is high in blood. Partail pressure of oxygen is low in muscles. Oxygen moves into muscles. PP of CO2 is high in muscles. PP of CO2 is low in blood. CO2 diffuses into blood.
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What is your respiratory rate?
The amount of air you breathe in one minute.
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What is 'Tidal volume'?
The amount of air breathed in or out in one breathe. Normally about 0.5L at rest.
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What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration.
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What is Vital capacity?
The amount of air that can be breathed out after maximum inspiration.
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What is Inspiratory reserve volume?
The maximum amount of air you can breathe in above Tidal volume.
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What is Expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that can be breathed out after normal expiration.
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What is total lung volume?
Your total lung volume after you have breathed in as much as you can. Normally about 6L for an average male.
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Give 2 responses of the respiratory system to a single exercise session
Increased breathing rate. Increased tidal volume.
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Give 3 adaptations of the respiratory system to long term exercise
Increased vital capacity. Increased strength of the respiratory muscles. Increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate.
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What are the short and long term effects of altitude?
Short term: - PP of O2 is lower. Harder to breathe in oxygen. Shortness of breath, dizziness. Hypoxia. Need to breathe faster. Long term: - Body adapts; more red blood cells; more capillaries. Better breathing. Fitter athlete.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the mechanics of breathing for inspiration

Back

The external intercostal muscles contract; the ribs move up and out; the diaphragm contracts and flattens; the air pressure in the lungs goes down; gasses move from high pressure to low pressure; air moves into the lungs.

Card 3

Front

Describe the mechanics of breathing for expiration

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe how Neural control increases breathing during exercise

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain gas exchange at the lungs

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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