theme 1: bacterial pathogens
0.0 / 5
- Created by: medstudent22
- Created on: 29-02-20 22:09
what is the difference and similarity between staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes,streptococcus agalactiae and neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae?
-both cocci, -positive=staph aureus, strep pyogenes, strep agalactiae (all begin with s=Smile), negative= neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae (all begin with N= Negative)
1 of 72
what is the different and similarity between: bacillus anthracis, clostridium difficle, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diphteriae and: salmonella typhi, shigella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, yersinia pestis?
-both bacilli, -positive=bacillus anthracis, clostridium difficile, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diptheriae -negative=salmonella typhi, shigella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, yersinia pestis
2 of 72
what class are haemophilus, bordtella, brucella, pasteurella?
gram - coccobacilli (oval shaped)
3 of 72
what spiral bacteria are there?
helicobacter, campylobacter, borrielia, leptospira, treponema pallidum
4 of 72
what are the three reasons certain bacteria cause particular infections?
host factors, oppurtunity, bacterial factors
5 of 72
what is meant by host factors and opportunity?
host=immune system, opportunity= exposure (cannulas ect), normal flora
6 of 72
what are examples of bacterial factors?
virulence (degree of harmfulness), resistance, environmental survival (some need moisture, some can adhere to certain things)
7 of 72
what bacteria is the commonest cause of UTIs and bacteraemia and where is it normally found?
e. coli and part of normal bowel flora
8 of 72
how does e. coli cause a UTI? why is it more common in females?
-can adhere to uroepithelial cells/urinary catheter materials, -colonises the urethral meatus and surrounding area, - triggers host inflammatory response, -short urethra
9 of 72
why clinically is e.coli a ***?
can develop resistance to antibiotics
10 of 72
what bacteria is related to skin/soft tissue/surgical site infections and where is it normally found?
s.aureus, in nasal carriage of 30-50% people
11 of 72
what two properties does s.aureus have that make it good to cause skin infections?
1)able to adhere to damaged skin, 2)makes exoenzymes and toxins->damage tissues and provokes host response (get that phatty pus)
12 of 72
staphylococcus aureus is a primary pathogen, what is this and how does this differ to staphylococcus epidermidis?
-primary=can induce infection no matter the health status, opportunistic= needs opportunity to cause infection
13 of 72
what other areas can s.aureus cause infection in (where does it spread)? 6 ways-blood, bone, heart, lung, urinary, cns
1) bacteraemia (bac in blud)/septicaemia (blud poisoning), 2)osteomyelitis (bone infection)/septic arthritis (inflammation of joint due to infection), 3)endocarditis (infection of endocardium, probs valves), 4) pneumonia, 5)UTI, 6) meningitis
14 of 72
staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive, how does this differ to staphylococcus epidermidis?
-s.epidermidis is one of 20+ species of coagulase negative staphylococci (can test if coag +/-)
15 of 72
where is s.epidermidis normally found and what relationship does it have with where its found?
-most people have it on skin, skin commensal (they benefit we just vibe)
16 of 72
where does s.epidermidis cause infection? give examples
foreign bodies: prosthetic joints/valves, iv catheters
17 of 72
how does s.epidermidis attach and cause infection/pain to foreign bodies?
-uses glycocalyx (slime) to attach to metal/plastic forms a biofilm, this loosens it causing pain
18 of 72
what bacteria is group A strep and which is group B strep?
A=Streptococcus pyogenes, B=streptococcus agalactiae
19 of 72
relating to structure what does staphylo and strepto mean?
-staphylo=bunch of grapes, -strepto=chain
20 of 72
what is the commonest cause of bacterial sore throat?
streptococcus pyogenes
21 of 72
what 5 other things can streptococcus pyogenes cause?
-scarlet fever (strawberry tongue), necrotising fasciitis (flesh eating bug), other SSTIs, invasive infections, puerperal sepsis (mum after birth)
22 of 72
what secondary immunological presentation is streptococcus associated with?
glomerulonephritis
23 of 72
whats the commonest cause of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis (except in neonates)
streptococcus pneumoniae
24 of 72
what other common childhood infection can be caused by streptococcus pneumoniae?
e.g. otitis media (middle ear infection)
25 of 72
if streptococcus pneumoniae was the main cause of bacterial meningitis but not in neonates, whats the main for meningitis (and sepsis) in neonates (baby <3 months)?
streptococcus agalactiae
26 of 72
how to remember streptococcus agalactiae causes bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates?
group B strep- b for babies
27 of 72
streptococcus milleri complex is a group of closely related species, what is the similarity?
includes 3 species of streptococci that are PUS forming
28 of 72
yum pus forming streptococcus milleri complex, what condition is this associated with and where do they affect?
abscesses- dental, lung, liver, brain
29 of 72
what is viridans streptococci a collective name for?
group of alpha haemolytic streptococci (just a characteristic-go green on agar) found in upper resp tract
30 of 72
if viridans streptococci gets into blood what can it cause?
subacute bacterial endocarditis
31 of 72
where is streptococcus gallolyticus (strep bovis) normally found?
part of bowel flora- a type of alpha haemolytic strep
32 of 72
what can happen if streptococcus gallolyticus gets into blood?ie: bacteraemia
associated with colonic malignancies
33 of 72
what class is listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium species and propionibacterium acnes?
gram + bacillus
34 of 72
why do preggers, and also neonates and immunosuppressed patients avoid listeria monocytogenes?
rare but significant cause of sepsis and meningitis in those people
35 of 72
what food is listeria monocytogenes associated with ?
cheese made from unpasteurised milk (can grow at low temps)
36 of 72
what area of the body are corynebacterium species commensally found?
skin, upper resp tract
37 of 72
how does corynebacterium species cause opportunistic infection?
via devices/trauma (need opportunity to cause disease)
38 of 72
corynebacterium diphtheriae is one of the corynebacterium species. what does it cause, and is it common in uk?
cause of diphtheria, rare due to vaccine
39 of 72
what is propionibacterium/cutibacterium acnes associated with? duh clues in the name, and 2 other tings?
acne, device associated and post procedural infections
40 of 72
what are common species included in enterobacteriaceae (coliforms)?
escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter cloacae
41 of 72
what class are enterobacteriaceae (coliforms) and pseudomonas aeruginosa and where are colioform found?
gram negative bacilli, in bowel flora, (multiresistant-pseudomonas aeruginosa)
42 of 72
e coli commonly causes bacteraemia but where is the source of infection (before it spreads in blood)?
urinary, biliary, intra-abdominal
43 of 72
often e coli causes nosocomial infections? what are these, and give examples?
-infection originating from hospital, including: line infections, pneumonia, wound infections
44 of 72
what are toxigenic strains of e coli associated with?
severe diarrhoea and HUS-haemolytic uraemic syndrome
45 of 72
what type of infections does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?
respiratory infections, UTIs, soft tissue infections
46 of 72
which group are more likely to get pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and why?
vulnerable patient, as opportunistic pathogen
47 of 72
what characteristic colour pigment do pseudomonas aeruginosa make?
green pigment
48 of 72
what class are neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae?
gram negative diplococcus
49 of 72
neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis and smth else, what is this and how does it present?
-meningococca sepsis, purpuric (purpley spots due to small vessel bleeding) non-blanching rash
50 of 72
is neisseria meningitidis still a issue?
not really as of that phat vaccine bois
51 of 72
what does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?
gonorrhoea
52 of 72
what way could someone get neisseria gonorrhoeae?
sti-secondary to this could get invasive infections (septic arthritis)
53 of 72
if a mum has neisseria gonorrhoeae, what is the baby at risk of getting during birth?
opthalmia neonatorum (baby conjuctivitis)
54 of 72
where is haemophilus influenzae normally found?
part of respiratory tract flora
55 of 72
what does the HIb vaccine prevent?
only type b haemophilus influenzae infections
56 of 72
what type of infections does haemophilus influenzae cause and give examples
respiratory tract infections, e.g. pneumonia, infective exacerbations of COPD
57 of 72
what are capsulated types of haemophilus influenzae (e.g. type b) and what are conditions are they associated with?
-these types of bacteria have a polysaccharide capsule, -associated with meningitis and epiglottitis
58 of 72
what do anaerobes grow in the absence of?
oxygen
59 of 72
what are common examples of anaerobes?
BCFP-bacteriodes, clostridium (spore forming), fusobacterium, prevotella
60 of 72
give examples of clostridium species and what they cause? (4)
-c.difficile=antibiotic associated diarrhoae/colitis, -c.perfringens=cause of gas gangrene, -c.tetani=cause tetanus, -c.botulism=cause botulism
61 of 72
anaerobes can be part of polybacterial infections, what are some examples?
dental infections, lung abscesses, colonic abscess, post-trauma skin/soft tissue infections
62 of 72
mycobacterium species are referred to as AFBs, what does this stand for?
acid fast bacilli
63 of 72
Do mycobacterium AFBs stain with the conventional gram stain? explain why they called AFTBs (to do with staining)
-no stain with conventional gram stain (cell wall full of mycolic acid), only stain when washed with an acid wash
64 of 72
what causes TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
65 of 72
why are aytpical mycobacteria called this and what infections to they cause?
-atypical=as dont stain, 1)resp infections in people with chronic lung disease, 2) opportunistic infection in immuno-compromised patients
66 of 72
what three species are bacteria without a conventional cell wall?
1)chlamydia 2)mycoplasma 3)legionella pneumophila
67 of 72
what example of chlamydia is the commonest cause of STI?
C.trachomatis
68 of 72
what example of mycoplasma is a common cause of respiratory tract infections?
m.pneumoniae
69 of 72
what does legionella pneumophila cause?
legionnaires disease/legionellosis- lung infection (form of pneumonia)
70 of 72
what example of spirochaetes causes syphilis?
treponema pallidum
71 of 72
what 2 other infections does spirochaetes cause?
1)lyme disease 2)leptospirosis
72 of 72
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the different and similarity between: bacillus anthracis, clostridium difficle, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diphteriae and: salmonella typhi, shigella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, yersinia pestis?
Back
-both bacilli, -positive=bacillus anthracis, clostridium difficile, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium diptheriae -negative=salmonella typhi, shigella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, yersinia pestis
Card 3
Front
what class are haemophilus, bordtella, brucella, pasteurella?
Back
Card 4
Front
what spiral bacteria are there?
Back
Card 5
Front
what are the three reasons certain bacteria cause particular infections?
Back
Similar Medicine resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made