unit 1

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growth
an increase in medical quantity
e.g.height or weight
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development
complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
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centile lines
if an infants or child is growing as expected their weight willies steadily following the centile lines on their growth chart
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primary sexual characteristics
relate to change and development of reproductive organs
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name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in females
- uterus enlarges
- ovaries begins to release eggs
-menstrual cycle begins
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name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in males
- enlargement of penis and testes
- spontaneous erections
- testicles begin to produce sperm
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what are secondary sexual characteristics
outward signs of development form a child into man or woman
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what are the secondary
sexual characteristics in females
- breasts develop
- hair grows in armpits and pubic area
- redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
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what are the secondary
sexual characteristics in males
- changing in larynx causing voice to deepen
-hair growth in armpits, pubic area and facial hair
- redistribution of muscles tissue and fat
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what is cognitive development
refers to how individuals organise their ideas and make sense of the world in which they live in
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what did Piaget believe
that there were four stages of intellectual development which mature during the early stages of the life span
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what happens during the sensorimotor stage
(0-2)
infants interact by using their senses and as a result invent their own ways to solve problems
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what happens during the
pre-operational stage
(2-7)
development of language and make-believe play
Piaget believed at this age children cannot properly understand the concept of conservation (somethings appearance may change but the quantity will stay the same)
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what happens during the
concrete operational stage
(7-11)
children's reasoning becomes logical
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what happens during the
formal operational stage
(11-18)
abstract thinking begins
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what are schemas
a category of knowledge, as well as the process of acquiring knowledge
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what is egocentrism
a young Childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view
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what are the criticisms of Piaget
- tests on a small number of children
- adult support children can develop quicker
- others suggest children take longer than 11 years to be able to think logically
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what did Chomsky believe
that the ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals
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what are the criticisms of Chomsky
- lack of scientific evidence
- bruner argues that social interaction has far more influence than Chomsky suggested
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what is self-image
the way an individual see themselves
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what is self-esteem
how a person feels about themselves
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emotional development in infancy
Bowlby argues that infants have
an inbuilt need to form an attachment
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why is attachment important
a secure attachment to a main caregiver means that a child will feel secure, loved and have a sense of belonging
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what did Bowlby believe
that children were biologically pre-programmed to form attachments and that infancy is a critical period for forming positive attachments
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what are criticisms of Bowlby
- oversimplifies his theory
- Rutter agues that maternal deprivation in itself may not result in long-term problems
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what did Gesell believe
development was premeditated and that the environment has little influence. if a child experiences delayed development, then the problems heredity rather than a result of the Childs environment and circumstances
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what are the critics of Gesell
maturation theory is not helpful in explaining individual or cultural differences
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what did Bandura base his theory on
his observations of learning occurring through observing the behaviours of others
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what experiment did Bandura base his theory on
the BoBo doll experiment
in which he demonstrates that children learn and copy aggressive
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what is the stress diathesis model
helps to explain how stress
caused by life events can interact with an
individuals genetic vulnerability to impact on their mental wellbeing
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what is the social disengagement theory
******* and Henry proposed that older people naturally withdraw from social involvement as they get older
they concluded that older people have restricted opportunities to interact with others
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

development

Back

complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities

Card 3

Front

centile lines

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

primary sexual characteristics

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in females

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

Honey connell

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very helpful! thank you!

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