unit 1
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- Created by: hannahshowman@gmail.com
- Created on: 10-05-21 11:47
growth
an increase in medical quantity
e.g.height or weight
e.g.height or weight
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development
complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
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centile lines
if an infants or child is growing as expected their weight willies steadily following the centile lines on their growth chart
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primary sexual characteristics
relate to change and development of reproductive organs
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name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in females
characteristics in females
- uterus enlarges
- ovaries begins to release eggs
-menstrual cycle begins
- ovaries begins to release eggs
-menstrual cycle begins
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name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in males
characteristics in males
- enlargement of penis and testes
- spontaneous erections
- testicles begin to produce sperm
- spontaneous erections
- testicles begin to produce sperm
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what are secondary sexual characteristics
outward signs of development form a child into man or woman
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what are the secondary
sexual characteristics in females
sexual characteristics in females
- breasts develop
- hair grows in armpits and pubic area
- redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
- hair grows in armpits and pubic area
- redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
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what are the secondary
sexual characteristics in males
sexual characteristics in males
- changing in larynx causing voice to deepen
-hair growth in armpits, pubic area and facial hair
- redistribution of muscles tissue and fat
-hair growth in armpits, pubic area and facial hair
- redistribution of muscles tissue and fat
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what is cognitive development
refers to how individuals organise their ideas and make sense of the world in which they live in
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what did Piaget believe
that there were four stages of intellectual development which mature during the early stages of the life span
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what happens during the sensorimotor stage
(0-2)
(0-2)
infants interact by using their senses and as a result invent their own ways to solve problems
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what happens during the
pre-operational stage
(2-7)
pre-operational stage
(2-7)
development of language and make-believe play
Piaget believed at this age children cannot properly understand the concept of conservation (somethings appearance may change but the quantity will stay the same)
Piaget believed at this age children cannot properly understand the concept of conservation (somethings appearance may change but the quantity will stay the same)
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what happens during the
concrete operational stage
(7-11)
concrete operational stage
(7-11)
children's reasoning becomes logical
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what happens during the
formal operational stage
(11-18)
formal operational stage
(11-18)
abstract thinking begins
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what are schemas
a category of knowledge, as well as the process of acquiring knowledge
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what is egocentrism
a young Childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view
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what are the criticisms of Piaget
- tests on a small number of children
- adult support children can develop quicker
- others suggest children take longer than 11 years to be able to think logically
- adult support children can develop quicker
- others suggest children take longer than 11 years to be able to think logically
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what did Chomsky believe
that the ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals
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what are the criticisms of Chomsky
- lack of scientific evidence
- bruner argues that social interaction has far more influence than Chomsky suggested
- bruner argues that social interaction has far more influence than Chomsky suggested
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what is self-image
the way an individual see themselves
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what is self-esteem
how a person feels about themselves
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emotional development in infancy
Bowlby argues that infants have
an inbuilt need to form an attachment
an inbuilt need to form an attachment
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why is attachment important
a secure attachment to a main caregiver means that a child will feel secure, loved and have a sense of belonging
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what did Bowlby believe
that children were biologically pre-programmed to form attachments and that infancy is a critical period for forming positive attachments
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what are criticisms of Bowlby
- oversimplifies his theory
- Rutter agues that maternal deprivation in itself may not result in long-term problems
- Rutter agues that maternal deprivation in itself may not result in long-term problems
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what did Gesell believe
development was premeditated and that the environment has little influence. if a child experiences delayed development, then the problems heredity rather than a result of the Childs environment and circumstances
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what are the critics of Gesell
maturation theory is not helpful in explaining individual or cultural differences
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what did Bandura base his theory on
his observations of learning occurring through observing the behaviours of others
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what experiment did Bandura base his theory on
the BoBo doll experiment
in which he demonstrates that children learn and copy aggressive
in which he demonstrates that children learn and copy aggressive
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what is the stress diathesis model
helps to explain how stress
caused by life events can interact with an
individuals genetic vulnerability to impact on their mental wellbeing
caused by life events can interact with an
individuals genetic vulnerability to impact on their mental wellbeing
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what is the social disengagement theory
******* and Henry proposed that older people naturally withdraw from social involvement as they get older
they concluded that older people have restricted opportunities to interact with others
they concluded that older people have restricted opportunities to interact with others
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
development
Back
complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
Card 3
Front
centile lines
Back
Card 4
Front
primary sexual characteristics
Back
Card 5
Front
name 3 primary sexual
characteristics in females
characteristics in females
Back
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