Scientists use protein structure to investigate the evolutionary relationships between species. Explain how.
1. Amino acid sequence 2.closer the amino acid sequence the closer the relationship 3.protein structure related to triplet sequence
9 of 16
Comparing the base sequences of genes provides more evolutionary information that comparing structure of proteins. Explain why.
1. more bases than amino acids 2. Introns/non-coding DNA 3. Degeneracy of code/ more than one code for each amino acid
10 of 16
Explain the importance of using a large sample size.
Produces a more reliable mean/ identify anomalies
11 of 16
Explain the importance of taking random samples.
Removes bias
12 of 16
Describe what causes root pressure.
1. Active transport by endodermis 2. Ions/salts into xylem 3. lowers water potential in xylem 4. water enters by osmosis
13 of 16
Explain how oxygen is loaded, transported and unloaded in the blood.
1. haemoglobin carries oxygen 2. in red blood cells 3. loading in the lungs 4. at high partial pressure of oxygen 5. unloads to respiring cells/ tissues 6. at low partial pressure of oxygen 7. unloading linked to higher carbon dioxide concentration
14 of 16
Suggest factors that should be considered when selecting volunteers for trials.
1. Age 2. sex 3. lifestyle 4. health 5. genetic factors 6. ethnicity
15 of 16
Give 2 features to improve the reliability of results.
1. large sample number 2. different (countries)
16 of 16
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe what happens during anaphase.
Back
Identical chromatids are pulled by spindle fibres to opposite poles
Card 3
Front
Explain why some cells will have 8.4 units of DNA and others will have 4.2.
Back
Card 4
Front
Give 2 ways in which courtship increases the probability of successful mating.
Back
Card 5
Front
Explain how mutation leads to the formation of non-functioning DNA.
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