A country with a GNI per capita of $12,746 or above
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Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)
Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation (such as Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa)
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Economic Impact
The effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community
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Environmental Impact
The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area
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Social Impact
The effect of an event on the lives or people or community
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Brownfield
Land that has been used, abandoned, and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city
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Dereliction
Abandoned buildings and wasteland
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Economic Oportunities
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
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Greenfield Site
A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development
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Inequalities
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples' wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education
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Integrated Transport System
When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing
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Megacity
An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people
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Migration
When people move from one area to another. In many LICs people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration)
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Natural Increase
The birth rate minus the death rate of a population
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Pollution
The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have a harmful or poisonous effects on environemt
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Rural-Urban Fringe
A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use
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Sanitation
Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste
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Social Deprivation
The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment
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Social Opportunities
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care
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Squatter Settlements
An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC
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Sustainable Urban Living
A sustainable city is one in which there is a minimal damage to the environment, the economic base is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made
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Traffic Congestion
Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic slows to a crawl
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Urban Greening
The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas
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Urbanisation
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population comes to live in towns and cities. Rapid urbanisation is a feature of many LICs and NEEs
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Urban Regeneration
The revival of old parts of the built-up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (renewal), or opting for redevelopment (i.e. demolishing existing buildings and starting afresh)
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Urban Sprawl
The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside
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Waste Recycling
The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A country with a GNI per capita of $12,746 or above
Back
High Income Country (HIC)
Card 3
Front
Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation (such as Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa)
Back
Card 4
Front
The effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community
Back
Card 5
Front
The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area
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