What protein can be found in the urine to indicate muscle damage?
Large amounts of creatinine
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What hormone is produced at the site of developing placenta in a pregnant female? is produced at the site of developing placenta in a pregnant female?
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Only need to know hCG)
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What was the most reliable pregnancy test in the 60's?
Injecting an african clawed toad with the woman's urine, if the woman was pregnant, the hCG would stimulate egg production in the toad
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What do pregnancy tests use in modern day to test for hCG?
Monoclonal Antibodies
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What are monoclonal antibodies?
Antibodies from a single clone of cells that are produced to target specific cells or chemicals in the body
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How do we obtain monoclonal antibodies on a industrial scale?
Mice are injected with hCG so it makes the appropriate antibody, the B-cells making that antibody are removed from the spleen of the mouse and fused with a cancer cell, myeloma. The new fused cell (known as a hybridoma) divides rapidly cloning the AB
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How do pregnancy tests work when a woman is pregnant?
She pees on the stick, urine travels and hCG binds to mobile monoclonal AB with coloured beads on, urine moves along to first window, immobile MAB bind to hCG/antibody complex, forming the pattern to show the woman is pregnant
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In athletes, what is urine testing used for?
To test for anabolic steroids
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How is the urine tested for anabolic steroids?
Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, sample vaporised with a known solvent and passed through a tube, the lining of the tube absorbs the gasses and this is analysed
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How is the urine tested for drugs?
The sample is tested by immunoassay, monoclonal antibodies are used to bind to the drug or its breakdown product to flag up any presence, further testing can involve gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What hormone is produced at the site of developing placenta in a pregnant female? is produced at the site of developing placenta in a pregnant female?
Back
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Only need to know hCG)
Card 3
Front
What was the most reliable pregnancy test in the 60's?
Back
Card 4
Front
What do pregnancy tests use in modern day to test for hCG?
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