USSR ; est. 1-party state '17-'24 ; nature of gov under lenin
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APPARATUS OF GOVERNMENT
GDFGD
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governing country size of russia would require what?
clear line of authority
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whereby what could happen quickly and effectively?
decisions made and imposed
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wha tthree organisations genuinely represented the proletariat?
soviets / trade unions / factory committees
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what happened to them?
brought under B ctrl then sidelined
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system devised on representative bodies that in theory stemmed from where?
All-Russian Congress of Soviets
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and was hehaded by?
sovnarkom
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what was the sovnarkom?
council of the people's commissars
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and took role of cabinet of what?
top government officials
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who were in theory responsible for what?
making key decisions and giving government orders
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how many members were there in total?
20
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all elected by who?
central executive committee
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small group that could do what?
make quick decisions
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and met how often during civil war?
daily
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who elected the central executive committee?
congress of soviets
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what was the size compared to sovnarkom?
larger
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what was it's task?
to oversee work of gov + its administration
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what was all-russian congress of soviets?
supreme law making body of state
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who issued laws?
sovnarkom
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but who had to approve them?
the congress
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what type of body was this in theory?
highly representative body
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made up of members elected by?
local soviets
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which were all citizens engaged in?
'useful work'
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below this structure what was there?
provincial and city soviets
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made up of representatives from?
local soviets
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what did these bodies conduct at local level?
admin of government
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what body did bolsheviks have control over positions in?
sivbarkom
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and used this to do what in civil war?
issue orders merely rubber-stamped by CoS snf impodrf on country
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PARTY CONTROL OVER THE STATE
DFGD
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by early 1920s where was it clear there was a real power shift to and from?
to party from apparatus of state
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around how many politburo members were there?
7-9
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who were chosen by?
party's central committee
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to do what?
make key decisions effecting policy
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what did it take over from that was larger when making important decisions?
central committee
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why?
central committee proved 2 large 2 b manageable
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how often did the politburo meet under lenin?
daily
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and became more important than what government apparatus?
sovnarkom
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leading members included which 4 ppl (that weren't lenin(?
kamzino, trotsky, stalin
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how many people were there aroundabout in the central committee?
30-40
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chosen by who?
party congress
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to do what?
represent its members
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what was it supposed to do?
make key decisions on ploicy
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but after 1919 where was ths power increasingly delegated?
politburo
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the party congress was made up of what people?
representatives of local Party branches
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what did it discuss?
general programme of the party
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and there were fierce debates at which party congresses specifically?
9th and 10th (20/21)
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what stifled this debate?
'on party unity' passed @ 10th in '21
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and what subsequently declined?
role of congress in influencing party
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how often did it meet under lenin from 1917?
yearly
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and this pattern continued until what year?
1926
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what were below the level of congress?
local party branches
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each headed by?
party secretary
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where especially could these secretaries be v powerful?
in big cities or key provinces
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who was the party head in petrograd?
kamenev
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and where was zinoviev the head?
moscow
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what did party organisation mirror?
the state
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yet what was it that controlled decision making?
party structure
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and state became little more than?
organisation of administrators
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increasing infrequency of which three things indicated decline fo state?
congress of soviets / central executive committee / sovnarkom
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when leading bolsheviks were members of both politburo and sovnarkom which did they send deputies to?
sovnarkom
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another sign was decision to make secret police directly responsible to?
politburo
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rather than?
sovnarkom
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in hwat year?
1919
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DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM
DFGNF
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what did Bolsheviks claim about democratic centralism?
it was the principle their government was based upon
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soviets were used as bodies that represented who at local level?
workers
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their wishes could be expressed through structure of?
representative organisations
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that would take their issues to who?
decision-making bodies @ higher levels of government
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decisions could then be made in whose interest?
'the people'
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and then what happened for implementation?
passed down to regional and local level
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principle was used as evidence for what?
highly democratic nature
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but rlly wha thad been undermined as soon as bolsheviks took ctrl?
soviets
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what did system of ruling by decree mean for them?
not involved in decision making
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though soviets continued to exist what were they dominated by?
bolsheviks
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who ensured they were no longer responsive to what?
pressure from workers
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who were local soviets firmly in the hands of?
local party bosses
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what did this system turn representative bodies to instead?
rubber-stamping bodies
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that simply carried out orders from where?
centre
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SO... A RECAP
DFGD
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what was the most powerful body in the soviet gov?
sovnarkom
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followed by?
central executive committee
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followed by
all-russian congress of soviets
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and then in the communist party?
politburo
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then?
central committee
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then?
party congress
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okay, so what is the other name for the sovnarkom?
council of people's commissars
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it's officials were members of?
communist party
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and they were elected by?
central executive committee
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which co-ordinated what?
all gv administration
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and oversaw law-making process on behalf of?
congress of soviets
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in practice largely did what?
rubber-stamped sovnarkom decisions
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elected by?
all-russian congress of soviets
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which was?
supreme law making body of the state
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what ahd to be passed by this body?
all laws
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in practice became body that?
rubber stamped laws drawn up by party
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by later 1920s wha did all members have to be?
communist party members
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and were elected by who?
local soviets
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and could do what?
raise issues they felt should be addressed
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who made up the politburo?
inner grp party leaders
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what happened to it' sdecisions?
passed on to sovnarkom for implementation
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elected by?
central committee
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what was this in theory?
key decision-making body in party
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but what made it unwieldly?
size
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of around how many members?
30-40
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so what happened to this function?
exercised by politburo on its behlaf
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elected by?
party congress
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body made up of?
representatives of local party branches
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what did it discuss?
general programme of the party
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what limited discussion?
ban on factions in '21
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who was appointments controlled by?
stalin
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and what devised system?
nomenklatura
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
governing country size of russia would require what?
Back
clear line of authority
Card 3
Front
whereby what could happen quickly and effectively?
Back
Card 4
Front
wha tthree organisations genuinely represented the proletariat?
Back
Card 5
Front
what happened to them?
Back
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