Water

Explain why the global water cycle is a closed system

closed system : system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system
water is neither created nor destroyed on a large scale - in continual circulation

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Stratus/strato

flat/layerd & smooth
develop because of advection

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Cummulus/cumulu

Head up/puffy, the basic cloud
all develop because of convection

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Cirrus/cirru

high up, wispy
Orographic - relief rainfall ( orogeny - mountain building)

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Alto

Medium level

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Nimnus/Nimbo

Rain-bearing cloud

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Why are cyropheric water processes so important? How they affect flows/stores in the water cycle?

- have a direct impact on the major stores of water, they lock up water as ice from the hydrosphere lowering sea levels, or release water during melting in warm periods rising sea levels
- changes cause global sea-level change, global water-cycle processe

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Ground water

water that has penetrated the earth's surface, held in the ground either in soil/gaps between rocks
1. zone of aeration ( rocks pores filled with both air & water), nearest surface
2. Zone of saturation ( filled with water)

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Aquitard

rocks with low permeability, allows very slow water transfer
Eg. limestone, chalk

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Aquiclude

Impermeable layer, brevets downward movement ( percolation) of water

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Aquifer

geological formation which is capable of holding water - net underground caves, porous rocks
have a discharge/recharge rate
extraction from these is known as water mining
un-renewable

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Explain the difference between a confined & unconfined aquifer?

Confined - below the land surface that is saturated with water( have a layer of impenetrable rock or clay above them)
Unconfined -upper water surface is at atmospheric pressure ( below a permeable layer of soil) is able to rise and fall, form at a qui

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Pressures on aquifers

- Population change : higher demand - increase in per Capita Water use
- Agriculture - increase in irrigation...

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Water

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Card 2

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Card 4

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Card 5

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