Weimar Germany Mindmap
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Dua raja
- Created on: 11-04-21 15:57
What was Germany like before WW1?
-Very high population due to nationalist ideologies
-Very strong ecomony after 1870
-Weak democracy with a Kaiser
-Very strong ecomony after 1870
-Weak democracy with a Kaiser
1 of 87
Who had the most power during WW1?
Ludendorff and Hindenburg
2 of 87
What made it clear to Ludendorff was on the brink of defeat?
Although the Allied forces had not entered German territory, they were in retreat along the Western Front.
3 of 87
Who persuaded the Kaiser to create a democracy and ask for an armistice?
Ludendorff
4 of 87
Who were the first President and Chancellor?
Ebert as President and Prince Max as Chancellor
5 of 87
Why did Ebert become Chancellor?
November 1918
6 of 87
What started the revolution?
When did this occur?
What party called this?
When did this occur?
What party called this?
Workers strike against the Kaiser
9 November 1918
SPD
9 November 1918
SPD
7 of 87
How did the SPD also pose a threat?
They threatened to withdraw support unless the Kaiser abdicated.
8 of 87
What finally caused the Kaiser to realise he had lost control and abdicate?
He was told by General Groener that the army would no longer fight for him
9 of 87
What happened with the Peace Note?
Sent to Woodrow Wilson in November 1918a asking for an armistice, he took three weeks to reply as he was suspicious that they were using the request to buy time and regroup and prepare for a new offensive.
10 of 87
How big was the Reichstag?
67 representatives from 17 states, proportionate to population
11 of 87
What did the President do?
Appoint ministers, dissolve the reichstag and call elections
12 of 87
Strengths of the Constitution
-Wider right to vote
Women allowed to vote and become deputies
-Proportional representation allowed even smaller parties to win seats in the Reichstag
-Full democracy in local and central government.
-Clearly set out the terms of rights of the individual
Women allowed to vote and become deputies
-Proportional representation allowed even smaller parties to win seats in the Reichstag
-Full democracy in local and central government.
-Clearly set out the terms of rights of the individual
13 of 87
What were the weakness of the constitution?
-Proportional Representation
Smaller parties were able to exploit the system to gain publicly, emphasised divisions in society.
-Coalition governments
Because of the smaller parties and PR, no one could gain a majority, just short lived coalitions.
Smaller parties were able to exploit the system to gain publicly, emphasised divisions in society.
-Coalition governments
Because of the smaller parties and PR, no one could gain a majority, just short lived coalitions.
14 of 87
What did the Chancellor have to have and what did they do?
- Support of half the Reichstag at least
- Propose new laws to Reichstag.
- Propose new laws to Reichstag.
15 of 87
What did the Reichstag do?
Vote on the budget.
New laws had to originate through them.
New laws had to originate through them.
16 of 87
What was the national debt in 1919?
How would this usually be paid back?
Why couldn't this be used here?
How would this usually be paid back?
Why couldn't this be used here?
1.44 billion marks
By increasing taxes or cutting down expenditure
RISK!
rise taxes: alienating public away from gov as they would say it was going to rep payments.
cut expen: civil servants needed payment to keep their support.
By increasing taxes or cutting down expenditure
RISK!
rise taxes: alienating public away from gov as they would say it was going to rep payments.
cut expen: civil servants needed payment to keep their support.
17 of 87
When was the treaty of Versailles signed?
How much land did Germany lose?
What article was the war guilt clause?
Coal production in the Saar was given to which country?
How much land did Germany lose?
What article was the war guilt clause?
Coal production in the Saar was given to which country?
June 1919
13% and 60 million people
231
France
13% and 60 million people
231
France
18 of 87
What did the treaty cause in the government?
Political demoralisation in the centre of the government.
19 of 87
What did many right supporters do as a result of the signing of the treaty?
What did they call those who signed it?
What were their actions of betrayal called?
What did they call those who signed it?
What were their actions of betrayal called?
They felt it was the last straw after the military defeat and the creation of a republic and it led them to join extremist parties committed to overthrowing the republic.
November criminals
'the stab in the back'
November criminals
'the stab in the back'
20 of 87
When did the Kaiser have to abdicate?
9th November
21 of 87
What pieces of land did France gain?
Alsace Lorraine
22 of 87
Which land made up the Polish corridor?
West Prussia, Posen, upper Silesia
23 of 87
How many men were the army allowed?
How many ships were they allowed?
What military equipment was banned?
What was the amount of reparations?
When was the amount of reparations set?
How many ships were they allowed?
What military equipment was banned?
What was the amount of reparations?
When was the amount of reparations set?
100,000 men
6 ships
Submarines, tanks, large battleships, aircraft
£6.6 billion
June 1921
6 ships
Submarines, tanks, large battleships, aircraft
£6.6 billion
June 1921
24 of 87
Difficulty paying reparations
Gold:
Coal:
Manufactured goods:
Gold:
Coal:
Manufactured goods:
- Gold reserves inadequate for reparations
- Coal reserves seized by TOV terms
- Allied countries' jobs and businesses faced threat
- Coal reserves seized by TOV terms
- Allied countries' jobs and businesses faced threat
25 of 87
How much land was lost?
13%
26 of 87
When was the ToV signed?
28th June 1919
27 of 87
What was Germany excluded from?
The league of Nations
28 of 87
What was the reaction of the Germans?
Millions of people who considered themselves German were forced to be living in non-German states like Czechslovakia, felt they had been denied Self-determination (14 points)
- Reparations caused lots of anger - felt it was too high and it would cripple t
- Reparations caused lots of anger - felt it was too high and it would cripple t
29 of 87
What did Germany first ask for in January 1922 (and receive)?
The reparations to be postponed for 2 months
30 of 87
What did Germany ask for in July 1922?
For the payments to be suspended for the rest of the year
31 of 87
What did Germany ask for in November 1922?
A loan of 500 million marks and to be released from payments until 1925/6
32 of 87
How did the French react?
Over 1923, what did this increase to?
Over 1923, what did this increase to?
They sent 60,000 troops into the Ruhr
100,000
100,000
33 of 87
Aim?
How?
How?
Seize area's coal, steel and manufactued goods as reparations.
Took control of factories, railways, demanded goods from shops.
Took control of factories, railways, demanded goods from shops.
34 of 87
What was the new currency called?
Which economist helped with the new currency?
What did Schacht do after the new currency was made?
Which economist helped with the new currency?
What did Schacht do after the new currency was made?
Rentenmark
Schacht
Became President of the Reichsbank and kept interest high to encourage foreign investment
Schacht
Became President of the Reichsbank and kept interest high to encourage foreign investment
35 of 87
What were the negative effects of the reparations?
- Fehrenbach resigned, replaced by Wirth
- French occupation of the Ruhr
- Difficulty in paying reparations due to lack of methods to do so
- Hyperinflation
- French occupation of the Ruhr
- Difficulty in paying reparations due to lack of methods to do so
- Hyperinflation
36 of 87
What were negatives of the economic situation after the war?
- 1919 manufacturing output was 30% lower than in 1914.
- National debt of 1.44 billion marks, not payable by tax increase or expenditure reduction.
- National debt of 1.44 billion marks, not payable by tax increase or expenditure reduction.
37 of 87
What were positives in the economic situation after the war?
- Germany unemployment rate in 1921 was at 1.8%, Britain's was 28%.
- Foreign investment was encouraged by inflation.
- Foreign investment was encouraged by inflation.
38 of 87
Who gained from the hyperinflation?
- Debts, mortgages and loans - payed them back with worthless money.
- Farmers - producing more food (more needed)
- Those leasing properties on long-term fixed rents because the real rent value decreased.
- Farmers - producing more food (more needed)
- Those leasing properties on long-term fixed rents because the real rent value decreased.
39 of 87
Who lost from the hyperinflation?
- Medical care increased - sick lost out.
- Rapid food price increase created malnutrition
- Pensioners were particularly badly hit, including war widows living on pensions
- Rapid food price increase created malnutrition
- Pensioners were particularly badly hit, including war widows living on pensions
40 of 87
When was the Munich Putsch?
Who were the three leaders in the beer hall putsch?
What was Hitler's inspiration for the Munich Putsch?
What was Hitler's prison sentence?
Who were the three leaders in the beer hall putsch?
What was Hitler's inspiration for the Munich Putsch?
What was Hitler's prison sentence?
November 1923
Kahr (state commissioner), Lossow (local army commander) and Seisser (chief of police)
Mussolini in 1922 has seized power in Italy by marching in Rome
5 years but was shortened to 9 months
Kahr (state commissioner), Lossow (local army commander) and Seisser (chief of police)
Mussolini in 1922 has seized power in Italy by marching in Rome
5 years but was shortened to 9 months
41 of 87
When was the attempted spartacist uprising?
What was the effect of the spartacist uprising for the communist party?
Who was it led by?
What did they want to do?
Why did it fail?
What was the effect of the spartacist uprising for the communist party?
Who was it led by?
What did they want to do?
Why did it fail?
January-March 1919
They recieved four more seats in the reichstag
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
Set up a revolutionary communist regime.
Poor support, they failed to get support from the working class in Berlin.
They recieved four more seats in the reichstag
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
Set up a revolutionary communist regime.
Poor support, they failed to get support from the working class in Berlin.
42 of 87
What did they succeed in?
What irregular forces were used to put them down?
Why?
What was the backlash of this?
What irregular forces were used to put them down?
Why?
What was the backlash of this?
Occupied newspaper offices and public offices.
Frierkorps
Because there were few reliable military units at his command.
It deepened the divisions in the government.
Frierkorps
Because there were few reliable military units at his command.
It deepened the divisions in the government.
43 of 87
When was the Kapp putsch?
Why did the Kapp putsch occur?
Why did the Kapp putsch occur?
February 1920
2 units freikorps were ordered to be disbanded, consisting of 12,000 friekorps but General Von Luttwitz refused.
2 units freikorps were ordered to be disbanded, consisting of 12,000 friekorps but General Von Luttwitz refused.
44 of 87
How many freikorps marched into Berlin in the Kapp putsch?
How many went to prison after the Kapp putsch?
Who was assassinated? And when?
How many went to prison after the Kapp putsch?
Who was assassinated? And when?
12,000
1
Matthias Erzberger 1921
Walther Rathenau 1922
1
Matthias Erzberger 1921
Walther Rathenau 1922
45 of 87
Matthias Erzberger
By who?
Why?
Extra facts
By who?
Why?
Extra facts
Members of the terrorist league, Organisation Consul, in the Black Forest
- He was a member of the German delegation for the signing of the TOV
- Germany's representative on reparation committee
The second attempt, first left wounds
His widow continued t
- He was a member of the German delegation for the signing of the TOV
- Germany's representative on reparation committee
The second attempt, first left wounds
His widow continued t
46 of 87
Walther Rathenau
How?
By who?
Why?
Backlash?
How?
By who?
Why?
Backlash?
- Shot in his car with a grenade thrown at him after.
- Four assassins from Organisation Consul
- He was a jew
- He was a leading minister in the Republic
- Participated in signing of the armistice
- negotiated with allies for better TOV terms
- 700,000
- Four assassins from Organisation Consul
- He was a jew
- He was a leading minister in the Republic
- Participated in signing of the armistice
- negotiated with allies for better TOV terms
- 700,000
47 of 87
How long was Stresemann chancellor for?
103 days
48 of 87
How did Stresemann stop inflation?
How many civil servants lost their jobs?
How many civil servants lost their jobs?
-end passive resistance
unpopular risky move - led to Munich Putsch
no alternative stopped paying wages - cut expenditure
- new currency introduced Rentenmark, later changed back to Reichsmark (gold reserve)
1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion old mark supported b
unpopular risky move - led to Munich Putsch
no alternative stopped paying wages - cut expenditure
- new currency introduced Rentenmark, later changed back to Reichsmark (gold reserve)
1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion old mark supported b
49 of 87
When did Stresemann ask for the reparations committee to get financial experts to address Germany's repayment concerns?
November 1923
50 of 87
When was the Dawes plan created?
Which country created the dawes plan?
How did the Dawes plan change the reparations amount?
How did the Dawes plan change the payment process?
How much was the loan from the USA in the Dawes plan?
Which country created the dawes plan?
How did the Dawes plan change the reparations amount?
How did the Dawes plan change the payment process?
How much was the loan from the USA in the Dawes plan?
1924
USA
It stayed at £6.6 billion
Yearly amount was reduced to 1000 million marks and would increase over 5 years to 2500 million marks
800 million mark loan
USA
It stayed at £6.6 billion
Yearly amount was reduced to 1000 million marks and would increase over 5 years to 2500 million marks
800 million mark loan
51 of 87
What did Stresemann refer to the Dawes plan as ?
An economic armistice
52 of 87
How much did unemployment increase by between 1925-1926?
2 million
53 of 87
Positives of the economic situation 1924-29
- 178,930 affordable houses were built
- Exports exceeded imports between 1925-29
- Farmers saw improvements in 1922 and farmers made up 1/3 of the population in 1923.
- 1924: Wages increased
- Grain surplus 1925-26
- 1927 - real wages rose by 9%
- Exports exceeded imports between 1925-29
- Farmers saw improvements in 1922 and farmers made up 1/3 of the population in 1923.
- 1924: Wages increased
- Grain surplus 1925-26
- 1927 - real wages rose by 9%
54 of 87
Negatives of the economic situation 1924-29
- 1928- farmer's revenge, strikes by farmers in protest of foreclosures and low market prices.
- The middle class did not enter the golden age securely and failed to gain from it, causing middle-class resentment.
- Unemployment increased by 2 million 192
- The middle class did not enter the golden age securely and failed to gain from it, causing middle-class resentment.
- Unemployment increased by 2 million 192
55 of 87
When was the young plan created?
1929
56 of 87
What did the young plan reduce reparations to?
£1.8bn
57 of 87
How long did the young plan set reparations for?
1988
58 of 87
How did the young plan effect the allies?
The allies couldn't control the banks, railways or land, removed allied troops from the ruhr
59 of 87
Why did the position of women change?
Due to the gender unbalance after the war
60 of 87
How did the Weimar constitution make women have more freedom?
Womens vote
61 of 87
How were women given sexual freedom?
birth control was more available, divorce and abortions increased
62 of 87
How many deaths were caused by abortion in 1930?
10-12,000 deaths
63 of 87
How many men died in the war?
2 million
64 of 87
Why didn't women have complete freedom?
What Act is this?
What Act is this?
men still had the right to decide on all matters in married life
Civil Code of 1896
Civil Code of 1896
65 of 87
Which parties had a youth group?
Which had the most members of any political youth group?
What was the KPD one called?
What was the DNVP one called? Where were its members coming from?
What was Hitler youth membership like
Which had the most members of any political youth group?
What was the KPD one called?
What was the DNVP one called? Where were its members coming from?
What was Hitler youth membership like
SPD, KPD, DNVP and NSDAP
SPD
Young Communist League
Bismarck Youth - middle and upper class in protestant areas + strong working class following
Slow increase reaching only 13,000 in 1929.
SPD
Young Communist League
Bismarck Youth - middle and upper class in protestant areas + strong working class following
Slow increase reaching only 13,000 in 1929.
66 of 87
How did the school system work?
The rich went to gymnasium schools, everyone else went to state schools and left at 14
67 of 87
What was the aim of the school system in this period?
To break down divisions and create a comprehensive school
68 of 87
How many boys were in the hitler youth in 1929?
13,000
69 of 87
Working class benefitted
trade unions and welfare
70 of 87
Working class suffered
farmers suffered from bad trading and people had lost their savings from 1923, the benefits from culture was only in cities
71 of 87
Unemployed benefitted
social welfare
72 of 87
Unemployed suffered
mean test was humiliating and the benefits were low
73 of 87
Women benefitted
got the vote in 1918, women had to work, sexual freedom due to divorces and birth control,
74 of 87
Women suffered
BDF, demobalisation, some jobs made women resign after marriage women were paid less, abortion was illegal, many women weren't feminists
75 of 87
Young people benefitted
good education system, youth groups, social freedom
76 of 87
Young people suffered
high unemployment
77 of 87
How many Jews were there?
More than half a million
78 of 87
What evidence is there of anti-Semitism during this period?
Fear of 'Jewish Bolshevism', anti-Semitic parties, blame for corruption and exploitation
79 of 87
How did night life change?
Cabaret was more popular, LGBTQ was more acceptable and American Jazz music was popular
80 of 87
How did art change?
expressionism increased to reflect the emotions of the weimar life and struggles. DADA- cubism and collage
81 of 87
What style was the art?
abstract in style and vivid in colour
82 of 87
How did music change?
What is distinct about this style?
What is distinct about this style?
atonal new objectivity
It lacks a key, sounds harsh and lacks harmony, very different to the traditional music.
It lacks a key, sounds harsh and lacks harmony, very different to the traditional music.
83 of 87
How did films change?
more serious nature, costume dramas were popular
84 of 87
How did literature change?
What did it focus on greatly?
Who was the leading German writer of the time?
What did it focus on greatly?
Who was the leading German writer of the time?
Politics, society Berlin centered
Inner mental states rather than external social reality
Thomas Mann - won a nobel peace prize and was actually a supporter of the WR.
Inner mental states rather than external social reality
Thomas Mann - won a nobel peace prize and was actually a supporter of the WR.
85 of 87
How did design and architecture change?
What was the leading brand?
What did this school encourage?
What was the leading brand?
What did this school encourage?
more modern and simplistic, clever design
Bauhaus founded by William Gropius in 1919
Encouraged breaking down the barriers of art and tech by incorporating new materials like steel, concrete and glass. Functionality was important.
Bauhaus founded by William Gropius in 1919
Encouraged breaking down the barriers of art and tech by incorporating new materials like steel, concrete and glass. Functionality was important.
86 of 87
Who did the living standard not improve for?
Farmers and those who had lost their savings
87 of 87
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Who had the most power during WW1?
Back
Ludendorff and Hindenburg
Card 3
Front
What made it clear to Ludendorff was on the brink of defeat?
Back
Card 4
Front
Who persuaded the Kaiser to create a democracy and ask for an armistice?
Back
Card 5
Front
Who were the first President and Chancellor?
Back
Similar History resources:
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.0 / 5 based on 4 ratings
4.0 / 5 based on 4 ratings
2.0 / 5 based on 5 ratings
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made