WJEC Chemistry: Unit 2- Definitions 3.0 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? ChemistryEnergy, Rate and Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsASWJEC Created by: SamCreated on: 04-06-16 09:40 Exothermic Releases energy to its surroundings 1 of 39 Endothermic Takes in energy from its surroundings 2 of 39 Enthalpy The heat content of a system at constant pressure 3 of 39 Hess's Law The total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken 4 of 39 Homogenous Catalyst A catalyst in the same phase as the reactants 5 of 39 Heterogenous Catalyst A catalyst in a different phase from the reactants 6 of 39 Carbon Neutrality When a chemical process leads to no net production of CO2 7 of 39 Functional Group The atom/group of atoms that gives a compound its characteristic properties 8 of 39 Homologous Series A series of compounds with the same functional group 9 of 39 Structural Isomer A compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae 10 of 39 E-Z Isomerism Isomerism in alkenes due to the restricted rotation about its double bond 11 of 39 Complete Combustion Combustion that occurs with excess oxygen 12 of 39 Halogenation A reaction with any halogen 13 of 39 Initiation The reaction that starts the halogenation process 14 of 39 Propagation The reaction by which the process continues 15 of 39 Termination The reaction that ends the halogenation process 16 of 39 Homolytic Bond Fission When a bond is broken and each of the bonded atoms receives one of the bonded electrons 17 of 39 Heterolytic Bond Fission When a bond is broken and one of the bonded atoms receives both the bonded electrons 18 of 39 Radical A species with an unpaired electron 19 of 39 Reaction Mechanism A diagram showing the stages of a reaction 20 of 39 Substitution Reaction A reaction in which one atom/group is replaced by another atom/group 21 of 39 Addition Reaction A reaction in which reagants combine to give one product 22 of 39 Electrophile An electron-deficient species that can accept a lone pair of electrons 23 of 39 Nucleophile A species with a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to an electron deficient species 24 of 39 Polymerisation The joining of a very large number of monomer molecules to make a large polymer molecule 25 of 39 Halogenoalkane An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a halogen 26 of 39 Reflux A continuous process of evaporation and condensation 27 of 39 Hydrolysis A reaction with water to produce a new product 28 of 39 Elimination Reaction A reaction that involves the loss of a small molecule to produce a double bond 29 of 39 CFCs Halogenoalkanes containing both chlorine and fluorine atoms 30 of 39 HFCs Halogenoalkanes containing fluorine as the only halogen 31 of 39 Fermentation An enzyme-catalysed reaction that converts sugars to ethanol 32 of 39 Classification of Alcohols Classification into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols according to their structure 33 of 39 Molecular Ion The positive ion formed in a mass spectrometer from the whole molecule 34 of 39 Fragmentation Splitting of molecules in a mass spectrometer into smaller parts 35 of 39 Chemical Shift A measure in ppm from the standard of the energy of a particular absorption type 36 of 39 Environment The nature of the surrounding atoms/groups in a molecule 37 of 39 Wavenumber A measure of energy absorbed used in IR spectra (cm-1) 38 of 39 Characteristic Absorption When the wavenumber range at which a particular bond absorbs radiation 39 of 39
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